All instruments are built to be pulled out (otherwise you can’t tune in colder atmosphere), therefore, in normal weather conditions- All aerophones should be pulled out to be at B flat = 466 cps (cycles per second)
- All wind instruments can lip pitches up by tightening the embouchure and lip pitches down by loosening.
- All wind instruments can lip notes down to a greater degree than they can lip notes up (less taxing on embouchure.)
- Ideal air temperature = 68 degrees. Air from lungs = 98.6 degrees. Freezing is 32 degrees, note differences.
- Instruments are designed to reach its true pitch after warming up for at least 5 minutes.
- The more metal an instrument has, the longer it takes to warm-up.
- Lip muscles also have to be warmed-up and stretched out, otherwise the muscles will be tight, causing sharpness.
- All wind instruments* are pulled out to lower pitch and pushed in to raise pitch.
- *EXCEPTION – Oboists scrape reeds to play / crow a “C” and all tuning is with embouchure, angle of the oboe or through the intensity of air the air.
